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Tunis
Populism: Theoretical Confusion, Contexts of proliferation and Comparative Experiences
Although most researchers unanimously agreed on the modernity of populism, this should in no way discourage us from further examining the implications of this phenomenon and its origins in ancient history. The search for the historical roots of populism, that some relate to early times, is only an attempt to establish its origin. However, the subsequent transformations of populism in meaning and practice have made it difficult to discern its limits. Apparently, this critical approach seems to be inaccessible due to many considerations, including the transformations of populism in terms of concept and practice to the point of almost losing its first forms. According to this approach, it is more likely that real beginnings of populism coincided with the emergence of modern democracy showing signs of deficiency.
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Béja
Delinquency, crimes and repression in History
The question of delinquency, in the most general sense of the term, is particularly complex because criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, doctors, lawyers, and historians who have studied this subject extensively have often expressed very different and even contradictory opinions. Difficulties arise as soon as the phenomenon is to be defined. In French law, the word “delinquency” designates all types of offenses. These fall into three categories: transgressions; which constitute very light offenses, crimes which are at an intermediate level, and crimes among including murders, non-premeditated voluntary homicides, and the assassinations, premeditated voluntary homicides. In recent years, in many countries, rape has entered this category of crimes. The Arabic language differentiates between delinquency (“inhiraf”) which designates minor crimes and the crime (“jarima”) which applies to the most serious crimes and offenses.
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Tunis
Túnez y el Mediterráneo en la Edad Moderna: Identidades, conflictos y representaciones
Homenaje a Slimane Mostafa Zbiss y Mikel de Epalza
La historia y la geografía demuestran el importante rol que tuvo Túnez en el Mediterráneo y cómo esto influyó en la creación de su identidad. Su localización en el centro del Mare Nostrum le dio un papel importante, ya sea en periodos de paz o de guerra. En la Edad Media y el comienzo de los tiempos modernos, bajo los hafsíes, Túnez controlaba el comercio subsahariano con Europa y los bienes de los comerciantes del este con los mercados occidentales. Los hafsíes también mantuvieron buenas relaciones diplomáticas con Venecia y los reyes de Aragón... En tiempos de conflicto, en el siglo XVI, Túnez fue un lugar estratégico para los imperios otomano e hispánico.
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Tunis
Civil society and democratic transformation - comparative experiences
Expériences comparées
Les changements politiques que connaissent plusieurs pays, surtout arabes, et les périodes de transition politique, font apparaitre la fin du monopole du champ politique par l'État. Les organisations de la société civile s'accaparent de plus en plus de pouvoir de par leurs capacités mobilisatrices. On assiste à l'émergence de nouveaux acteurs civils qui exercent des missions et des rôles autant divers qu'inhabituels, ce qui peut être considéré comme une dépossession des rôles traditionnels de l'État. En fait, la société civile contribue à la rotation des élites, assure une fonction socio-éducative et contribue fortement à consolider le processus démocratique nouvellement initié. Il s'agit de comparer les différentes expériences, d'expliciter les étendues mais aussi d'un autre côté de réfléchir sur le concept de société civile, de clarifier ses contours, de comprendre les polémiques qu'il suscite.
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