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Mountains and the collective management of the commons: influences and interactions
Ancestral collective ownership systems linked to village communities, sprouted from feudal law, used to correspond to an agrarian economy that was generally needed for self-subsistence (feeding). This economy gradually deteriorated for a variety of interconnected reasons. Nonetheless, these systems have managed to survive over time, which is rather surprising. Their presence is still strongly felt in rural areas – mainly in mountain regions (France, Italy and Switzerland, in particular). In a contemporary context of agricultural decline, the disappearance of landscapes, declining allocations from the state to communes and the urgent need to preserve natural resources and stimulate rural areas, one has to ask which roles these communities can play to develop the mountain territories in a sustainable way.
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Dynamics of repopulation in mountain areas: new highlanders
Observing the recent situation of demographic trends in the Alps, it is possible to put in evidence an interesting turnround in some alpine territories, especially alpine marginal areas. This situation invests not only the Alps but in general the European mountain territories, where the effects of this turnround become evident: from requalification of old villages and the creation of technologic buildings, to implementation of different forms of tourism (green tourism, soft tourism), from experimentation of new services (through ICT solutions), to implementation of sustainable mobility policies and finally to creation of green entrepreneurial activities.
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